There are numerous other terms or details that might be found on a Birth-chart, or other charts calculated, considered very relevant factors, amongst many others some are as below:  Some that will relate to all charts are:

Qualities:
The Signs are grouped into 3 different qualities as follows:-
Cardinal - Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn – Active, Ambitious, Powerful.
Fixed - Taurus, Leo, Scorpio, Aquarius, -  Consistent, Organized, Resists change.
Mutable  -  Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces, - Adaptable, Mentally Alert, Resourceful,

Elements:
The Signs are also grouped into 4 elements as under:
Fire -  Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, - Active, Creative, Enthusiastic,
Earth – Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn, - Cautious, Practical, Stable,
Air -  Gemini, Libra, Aquarius, - Intellectual, Rational, Sociable,
Water – Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces – Artistic, Emotional, Sensitive,

North & South Nodes:
The Ascending (North) and Descending (South) are points at which the Moon crosses the ecliptic from South to North & vice versa.

Aspects:
As outlined further on the Aspects are the relationships formed between planets, positive or negative, and likely effect on individual.

House Cusps:
These are the dividing lines between each house, sometimes planets are found just within  these lines.

Some other relevant factors that might be found are:

Cusps:
When someone’s birthdate and time falls when the Sun is moving between 2 signs, it is known as on the Cusp, an exact time of birth is helpful if possible here, to establish exactly what Sign the Sun occupies.  Often the Sign it is moving in to will have some influence too, so there may be some traits of each. 

Retrograde:
When a planet is moving backwards, through the signs, it is termed Retrograde, and is an illusory movement.

Further Aspects:
Some Aspects that might be found, but don’t appear on all charts are those such as:

Stellium:
3 or more planets conjunct in a sign or house.

Grand Trine: 
Planets in 3 houses each in Trine to the others.

Grand Cross:
2 sets of opposing planets, where each planet squares the 2 planets it is not in opposition to.

T Square:
2 Planets oppose each other and form a square to the 3rd.